§ 150.27. Materials.

(A)

Wood.

(1)

Wood may be used for bulkheads, either as a reaction or anchor pile for the tie backs, a sheet pile or any other use not excluded by this specification or other ordinance or code. All such wood members shall be pressure treated CCA at a minimum rate of .6 pounds per C.F. or creosote coal tar solution at a minimum rate of 16 pounds per cubic foot of member.

(2)

The standards of the pressure treatment shall conform to Table 1. The piling should be treated by the full cell process until all the oil can be made to hold and the piling is forced into the member without causing deleterious effects or damage to the wood. All cut ends of the members shall be coated with a wood preservative. This includes the ends that will be covered during and after construction as well as those ends that are left exposed to the elements. All wood material will bear the appropriate pressure treated certification. A certificate of invoice may be required for verification.

(B)

Connectors.

(1)

Timber bulkheads often fail because of corrosion, abrasion, fatigue of metal connections or because of abrasion of the wood by loose connectors and not as a result of deterioration of the wood members. For marine exposure, all hardware should be galvanized and the following minimum sizes used:

Type	Minimum Size
In or Below Splash Zone
Bolts	1 inch diameter
Plates	0.5 inch thickness
Washers	Ogee (standard size to fit bolt)
Above Splash Zone
Bolts	0.75 inch diameter
Plates	0.375 inch thickness
Washers	0.25 inch plate (Ogee optional)

 

(2)

In general, the exposure of bolts to the atmosphere should be reduced to a minimum by using only one washer or plate per unit. Adjacent timbers should be in contact with the bolt to prevent exposure. Bolt holes should not exceed the diameter of the bolt by more than 0.062". Drift bolts or spiral bolts should have a driving fit. Washers should bear evenly and fully on the timber, and where the axis of the bolt is not perpendicular to the face of the timber, beveled plates or washers used.

(C)

Concrete. All concrete material shall conform with and the structures be constructed in accordance with the American Concrete Institute's requirements. The ultimate compressive strength of concrete shall in no case be less than 3,000 pounds per square inch at 28 days of age. The allowable stress shall not exceed 33 percent using the ultimate strength design criteria. Special care shall be taken in the concrete construction to prevent and reduce the number of voids in the surfaces and between the joints of the concrete. Additionally, all reinforcing steel must be sufficiently covered a minimum of two inches to prevent salt water from reaching the steel. The minimum steel reinforcement in concrete panels shall be shown in Table II.

(D)

Steel. The use of steel bulkheads is not allowed in the city. Structural steel is extremely susceptible to corrosion in coastal environments and its use is therefore limited. All steel materials shall be coated after fabrication on all surfaces that have been cut or have had their protective coating damaged. All anchoring devices including nails, spikes and bolts shall also be hot dipped galvanized or suitably protected against corrosion.

(E)

Aluminum. Aluminum bulkheads may be used in the city. However, a suitable structural marine alloy content in the base metal or application of preservative coating resistant to seawater and a wide range of hydrogen such as 5052 aluminum shall be used. As with the other bulkheads, care must be taken in driving aluminum piling to insure damage does not occur to the structural integrity by the Building Official. However, the piles must be driven by a conventional driving hammer to the final depth where the required resistance is obtained. As in the case of the other pile materials, a suitable structural top cap must be added to the aluminum sheet pile structure after completion. Also, a rigid structural connection of the panels, to prevent displacement, must be utilized.

(F)

PVC plastic sheet piling. The use of PVC plastic sheeting piling may be used in the city. Installation shall be by jackhammer, pile driver, back hoe or water jet. Installation by a vibratory compactor may be used if approved by the Building Official. A suitable structural top cap must be added to the PVC plastic sheet pile structure after completion. A rigid structural connection of the panels, to prevent displacement, must be utilized. The PVC plastic must be either deep-V or box-ribbed configuration meeting the minimum specifications listed in TABLE III.

(G)

Tie rods. Minimum one 3/4" diameter galvanized steel bars of ASTM A615, Grade 60 reinforcement bars or ASTM A36 Steel shall serve to anchor the top of the sheet piling to the reaction pile or anchor.

(Ord. 99-753, passed 10-18-99)